Wednesday, 30 March 2016

Passages That Appear to Teach Mediate Regeneration (Rev. Herman Hoeksema)


Rev. Herman Hoeksema

[Source: Reformed Dogmatics, vol. 2, pp. 304–307]


I Peter 1:23–25

Among the passages that have frequently been quoted in favour of mediate regeneration is I Peter 1:23–25:

Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever. For all flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away. But the word of the Lord endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you.

The proponents of mediate regeneration argue that it is plain from this text that regeneration is wrought only through the means of the preaching of the gospel. This interpretation is based on the fact that the apostle in verse 23 refers to the word of God through which we are reborn; in verse 25 that word of God is referred to as the word "which by the gospel is preached unto you."

However, such an interpretation of the text fails to distinguish properly and sharply between the different concepts of the text. Especially important are the two prepositions "of" and "by" in verse 23. The elect are regenerated of an incorruptible seed, and at the same time they are regenerated by the living and abiding Word of God.

Regeneration is presented as developing out of a seed. This seed is the principle of regeneration wrought immediately in the heart by the Holy Spirit. It is wrought in our hearts not only without our will or effort, but also even without our consciousness. In that seed as a principle of the new life, the whole of the new life, even unto glorification, is implied. Just as the acorn is the principle of the oak, so that nothing is added to the acorn in order to develop the oak, so also this seed of regeneration implies all that will ever develop into the new man in Christ.

The development of the new birth out of that incorruptible seed takes place "by the word of God, which liveth and abideth forever." This Word is certainly not the same as the Scriptures or the preaching of the gospel, but is the ever-living and abiding Word of God. The Scriptures or even the preaching of the gospel cannot be said to be either living or ever-abiding. This description can be applied only to the causal, creative Word of God that is wrought efficaciously in the heart. By that powerful, efficacious Word of God the heart is opened to hear the word of truth, as in the case of Lydia (Acts 16:14). This implanting of the seed of regeneration and the influence of this efficacious, living, and abiding Word of God are both in themselves immediate and therefore can be applied to the smallest infant as well as to the adult. In verse 25, Peter writes that this living and ever-abiding Word of God is also preached.

Conceiving of the work of regeneration as a whole, we may distinguish three stages. First, the seed of the new life is implanted in the heart immediately by the Holy Spirit. Second, by the Word of God, living and abiding forever, this seed of regeneration is developed into the new birth. Finally, through the preaching of the gospel men are externally called, and in connection with the gospel they are brought to consciousness of regeneration through the power of the same living and abiding Word of God.


Ephesians 5:14

Those who teach mediate regeneration also refer to Ephesians 5:14: “Wherefore he saith, Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light.” The reference is certainly not to the preaching of the gospel as such, but to the same powerful, ever-living, and efficacious Word of God through Christ, whereby men are quickened and given ears to hear and eyes to see the things of the kingdom of God. Here, too, the work of regeneration is presented as a resurrection from the dead. This resurrection from the dead is certainly a wonderful work of God, which is effected without the means of the preaching of the gospel.


The Parable of the Sower

The parable of the sower in Matthew 13 and Luke 8 is frequently adduced as a proof of mediate regeneration. The seed, so it is said, is the word preached, for in his own explanation of the parable the Lord tells us, “The seed is the word of God” (Luke 8:11). It is argued that the word as preached is the seed of regeneration. Again, we must make careful distinctions in order to understand the true meaning of the parable. If by regeneration is meant the first development of the new life into conscious activity, we have no objection to explaining the seed as being the word of God. Nevertheless, that this is not the whole of regeneration is plainly taught by the parable of the sower and many other passages of Holy Writ. This seed of the word of God falls on three different kinds of spiritual soil without bringing forth proper fruit: the soil represented by the wayside, the soil represented by the rocky ground, and the soil represented by the ground full of thorns and thistles. Only those who are represented by the good ground “are they, which in an honest and good heart, having the word, keep it, and bring forth fruit with patience” (Luke 8:15).

It ought to be very clear that the soil in nature is not prepared by the seed, but rather for the seed. The preparation of the soil is entirely independent of the action of the sowing. This is no less true in the spiritual sense. The heart is not prepared by the gospel, but for the gospel and independently of its preaching, that is, by the direct and immediate work of the Holy Spirit connected with the living and abiding and efficacious, powerful Word of God. Thus conceived, it ought to be very plain that the parable of the sower teaches not a mediate but an immediate regeneration. The preparation of the heart in the work of regeneration precedes the preaching of the gospel as the seed that must fall into good ground in order to bear fruit.

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